What is primary immunodeficiency (PI)?

Primary immunodeficiency (PI) diseases occur in patients who have an intrinsic defect in the immune system.1 The immune system may have impaired function in one or more components, or may be absent altogether. Currently, there are more than 550 different types of primary immunodeficiencies recognized—some are common, others are quite rare.2,3 Humoral or antibody PIs account for approximately half of all disorders.1 Because patients with PI do not have fully functioning immune systems, they are more susceptible to infection in the3:

  • Skin
  • Sinuses
  • Throat
  • Ears
  • Lungs
  • Brain or spinal cord
  • Urinary or intestinal tract
PI is an immune system disorder

Treating PI with Ig therapy

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) is a recommended treatment for patients with significantly impaired antibody production.1 Since IgRT does not cure the underlying cause of PI, repeat doses are required at regular intervals and is usually necessary for the patient's whole life.3

There are 2 main ways IgRT can be administered for the treatment of PI: intravenously (like Privigen), and subcutaneously.

Below are details on Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg)4:

IVIg therapy
Administered once every 3–4 weeks
Reduces the incidence of acute serious bacterial infections (aSBIs)
Venous access required
Administered by a trained healthcare professional, either in the patient's home or in a medical setting
Systemic adverse reactions are common
Local site reactions are rare

Some patients may prefer IVIg therapy

Privigen is an IVIg therapy option that allows patients to receive treatment once every 3–4 weeks by their healthcare team—either at home or in a medical setting—as opposed to more frequent treatments that may be self-administered.

Privigen can be administered once every 3-4 weeks

If you think your patient can benefit from a subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy option, learn about Hizentra® Immune Globulin Subcutaneous [Human] 20% Liquid)

Please see Important Safety Information below and full prescribing information, including boxed warning and patient product information.

IVIg Product Considerations

There are several IVIg products currently available in the United States. While all work to replace missing or defective antibodies, there are some features and attributes to consider when choosing a preparation to stock or prescribe. These include5:

  • Product concentration
  • Type of stabilizer used
  • Ready-to-use vs reconstitution required
  • Storage requirements
  • IgA content
  • Sugar content
  • Sodium content
  • Osmolality
Get Privigen resources for your practice

Get additional resources

Order materials, reference guides, clinical reprints, and more

Order online

References: 1. Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(5):1186-205.e2078. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049. 2. Poli MC, Aksentijevich I, Bousfiha AA, et al. Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Hum Immun. 2025;1(1):e20250003. Published 2025 Apr 15. doi:10.70962/jhi.20250003. 3. Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF). Understanding primary immunodeficiency: Treatment: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy. https://primaryimmune.org/understanding-primary-immunodeficiency/treatment/immunoglobulin-replacement-therapy. Accessed April 17, 2026. 4. Berger M. Choices in IgG replacement therapy for primary immune deficiency diseases: subcutaneous IgG vs. intravenous IgG and selecting an optimal dose. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;11(6):532-538. 5. StatPearls Publishing. (2023). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554446/. Accessed April 17, 2026.

What is chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves characterized by progressive weakness and a loss of sensory and motor function in the arms, legs, hands, and feet. CIDP is a neurological disorder with an underlying autoimmune basis: the immune system perceives the nerves' protective myelin as foreign and attacks it. Damaged or removed myelin prevents effective communication in the nervous system, as electric impulses transmitted to and from the brain are disrupted or lost.1,2

Symptoms of Typical CIDP2:

  • Progressive or relapsing, symmetric weakness of the arms, legs, hands and feet
  • Sensory involvement (tingling or numbness) of at least two limbs
  • Developing over ≥8 weeks
  • Absent or reduced tendon reflexes in all limbs
depction of normal myelin sheath
depction of damaged myelin sheath
CIDP patient taking a photo

Treating CIDP with Ig therapy

Although CIDP is a chronic disease, Ig therapy can limit the damage to peripheral nerves and help improve motor function. The 2021 EAN/PNS guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of CIDP strongly recommended IVIg as a first-line treatment option.2 IVIg contains naturally occurring antibodies obtained from healthy volunteers and is administered intravenously.

Get Privigen resources for your practice

Get additional resources

Order materials, reference guides, clinical reprints, and more

Order online

If you think your patient can benefit from a subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy option, learn about Hizentra® Immune Globulin Subcutaneous [Human] 20% Liquid)

Please see Important Safety Information below and full prescribing information, including boxed warning and patient product information.

References: 1. GBS/CIDP Foundation International. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) 101. https://www.gbs-cidp.org/cidp/. Accessed April 17, 2026. 2. Van den Bergh PYK, van Doorn PA, Hadden RDM, et al. European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force-Second revision. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3556-3583. doi:10.1111/ene.14959.

What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder resulting in low platelet counts and bleeding. Patients with ITP often exhibit purpura (red, purple, or brownish-yellow spots) in the skin and mucous membranes and petechiae (red or purple dots) under the skin. People with ITP may also experience nosebleeds, gingival bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, and hematomas.1 ITP usually does not have an identifiable precipitating stimulus2; it may occur in isolation (primary) or in association with other diseases (secondary).3

Chronic ITP is an immune system bleeding disorder

ITP also may cause life-threatening bleeding in the brain or other organs.1 The American Society of Hematology, citing work of an international working group, defines 3 forms of ITP.3

Newly diagnosed : Diagnosis to 3 months Persistent : 3-12 months from diagnosis Chronic : Lasting more than 12 months from diagnosis

Privigen is indicated for the treatment of chronic ITP in patients aged 15 years and older. At the time of the Privigen pivotal trial, chronic ITP was defined as lasting 6 months or longer, and the disease criteria for that study population followed the earlier (>6 months) definition of chronic ITP.4 See the FAQs for additional information about ITP.

peaceful man and woman tending to house plants

Treating chronic ITP with Ig therapy

Treatment depends on the platelet count and the frequency and amount of bleeding experienced by the patient. Immunoglobulin therapy is used as a treatment to increase platelet counts.2 Platelet transfusions may be needed in severe cases.2,3

Privigen provides proven efficacy

See the clinical trial results for Privigen in chronic ITP

View the studies
Get Privigen resources for your practice

Get additional resources

Order materials, clinical reprints, and more

References: 1. US Dept of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Health. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP). https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/immune-thrombocytopenia. Accessed April 17, 2026. 2. Neunert C, Terrell DR, Arnold DM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Advances. 2019;3(23):3829-3866. 3. Neunert C, Lim K, Crowther M, et al. The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2011;17(6):4190-4207. 4. Robak T, Salama A, Kovaleva L, et al. Efficacy and safety of Privigen®, a novel liquid intravenous immunoglobulin formulation in adolescent and adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Hematology. 2009;14(4):227-236.

You are now leaving the current website.

Do you want to continue?